Composting-Biodegradable


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Composting-Biodegradable

Composting and Vermicomposting

Composting : Compost is a natural fertiliser. It contains nutrients required for the growth of plants. So, compost is used as a manure for growing plants. The process of converting biodegradable materials into compost by the action of microorganisms is called composting. Biodegradable or organic waste like fruits and vegetables peels, waste food leaves ,dead flower and egg shells can be recycled they are converted into manure by burying them in  compost pits. We can also use cow dung in composting.

The decomposers (microorganisms) present in our surroundings decompose the  organic waste and after a period of time it is converted into compost.

                                                                                                         

Vermicomposting : The composting process can be fastened with the help of earthworms. The type of earthworms used for composting are called redworms. Redworms are introduced in the waste dumped in a large pit within the soil. These red worms eat the soil along with the waste materials and convert them into compost. The method of preparing compost with the help of red- worms is called Vermicomposting.  Red worms or Earthworm have no teeth. The home for red worms is made with net or chicken mesh at the bottom of pit. For red worms the food should be kept at the depth of about eight and twelve inches which means about 30 cm deep of the pit. An Earthworm can eat food equal to its weight. If mass of a red worm is assumed as 'X' gram then we can say that it can eat X gm of food. They have a structure called 'gizzard' which helps them in grinding their food

                                                                                                         

Method of Vermicomposting :

  • A vermicomposting pit is made with a wooden box or big cement rings.
  • A mesh is spread at the bottom of the pit.
  • Vegetable waste, fruit waste, etc is spread over the mesh.
  • Water is sprinkled to create moisture. so, the red worm can live.
  • It take 2 to 4 weeks to completely convert waste into manure.
  • Difference between Composting and Vermicomposting

    Composting Vermicomposting
    Decomposers are microorganism Decomposers are microorganisms as well as red worms.
    Consume more time as compared to Vermicomposting. Consume less time as compared to Composting.

    Advantages :

  • It helps  improve soil structure.
  • Water holding capacity of soil also increases.
  • Disadvantages :

  • Noticeable odour.
  • Need maintenance.
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    Read the passage(s) given below and answer the questions that follow:

    If you collect the garbage from your home and put it in separate pits covered with soil for a few days. You will find that something in the garbage rots. They form manure which is used for plants. The rotting and conversion of some materials into manure is called _______________

    Right Option : A
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    Question : 2

    Read the passage(s) given below and answer the questions that follow:

    A type of earthworm called red worm is used for composting. This method of preparing compost with the help of red worms is called vermi composting. For vermi - composting we have to dig a compost pit having a depth of about  _________________

    Right Option : B
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    Question : 3

    If the mass of a red worm is assumed as "A" gram. How much food can it eat in a day?

    Right Option : C
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